Bosnia and Herzegovina vs Estonia
Bosnia and Herzegovina is 13% larger than Estonia.
Bosnia and HerzegovinaEstoniaBosnia and Herzegovina moved onto Estonia · Equal-area projection
1.13×
Bosnia and Herzegovina is 1.13× the area of Estonia.
 Bosnia and Herzegovina |  Estonia | |
|---|---|---|
| Size | ||
| AreaBosnia and Herzegovina: 1.13× the area | 51,209 km²#125 of 194 | 45,335 km²#129 of 194 |
| Coastline | Has a coast | Has a coast |
| Land neighbours | 3 | 2 |
| People | ||
| PopulationBosnia and Herzegovina: 2.3× the population | 3,140,095#133 of 194 · 2025 | 1,366,475#154 of 194 · 2025 |
| DensityBosnia and Herzegovina: 2.03× the density | 61 / km²#126 of 194 | 30 / km²#151 of 194 |
| Urban populationEstonia: 1.34× the urban share | 53%#128 of 192 · 2025 | 71%#70 of 192 · 2025 |
| Fertility rateBosnia and Herzegovina: 1.26× the births per woman | 1.49 per woman#137 of 192 · 2024 | 1.18 per woman#179 of 192 · 2024 |
| Population growthEstonia: 0.34 points higher | −0.77%#188 of 192 · 2025 | −0.43%#178 of 192 · 2025 |
| Birth rateBosnia and Herzegovina: 1.08× the birth rate | 7.7 per 1,000#174 of 192 · 2024 | 7.1 per 1,000#179 of 192 · 2024 |
| Death rateBosnia and Herzegovina: 1.17× the death rate | 13.5 per 1,000#7 of 192 · 2024 | 11.5 per 1,000#21 of 192 · 2024 |
| Children under 15Estonia: 2.5 points higher | 12.8%#184 of 192 · 2025 | 15.3%#159 of 192 · 2025 |
| People over 65Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1.1 points higher | 22.9%#11 of 192 · 2025 | 21.8%#16 of 192 · 2025 |
| Net migrationBosnia and Herzegovina: 7.6 per 1,000 higher | −2.2 per 1,000#147 of 192 · 2025 | −9.8 per 1,000#181 of 192 · 2025 |
| Refugees abroadBosnia and Herzegovina: 131× the refugees for its size | 7.85 per 1,000#23 of 190 · 2025 | 0.06 per 1,000#129 of 190 · 2025 |
| Health & education | ||
| Life expectancyEstonia: 1.3 years longer | 78.0 years#53 of 192 · 2024 | 79.3 years#44 of 192 · 2024 |
| Infant mortalityBosnia and Herzegovina: 3.67× the infant mortality | 5.5 per 1,000 births#139 of 191 · 2024 | 1.5 per 1,000 births#190 of 191 · 2024 |
| DoctorsEstonia: 1.34× the doctors per person | 2.58 per 1,000#73 of 178 · 2019 | 3.47 per 1,000#46 of 178 · 2022 |
| University enrolmentEstonia: 1.44× the university enrolment | 45.5%#83 of 145 · 2023 | 65.7%#52 of 145 · 2024 |
| Human Development IndexEstonia: 0.101 higher | 0.804#73 of 190 · 2023 | 0.905#35 of 190 · 2023 |
| Economy | ||
| GNI per capitaEstonia: 3.25× the income per person | $9,940#80 of 185 · 2025 | $32,310#37 of 185 · 2025 |
| GDPEstonia: 1.44× the economy | $32.6B2025 | $47.03B2025 |
| Income group | Upper-middle income | High income |
| GDP per capita (PPP)Estonia: 2.02× the output per person | $25,814#79 of 184 · 2025 | $52,106#41 of 184 · 2025 |
| GDP growthBosnia and Herzegovina: 1.5 points higher | +2.1%#127 of 187 · 2025 | +0.6%#164 of 187 · 2025 |
| InflationEstonia: 0.8 points higher | +4.0%#55 of 176 · 2025 | +4.8%#43 of 176 · 2025 |
| UnemploymentBosnia and Herzegovina: 1.33× the unemployment | 11.0%#29 of 178 · 2025 | 8.3%#48 of 178 · 2025 |
| Extreme povertyAbout the same share in extreme poverty | 0.3%#116 of 149 · 2021 | 0.3%#116 of 149 · 2023 |
| Income inequality (Gini)Estonia: 0.4 higher | 30.3#116 of 149 · 2021 | 30.7#112 of 149 · 2023 |
| Jobs in agricultureBosnia and Herzegovina: 13.7 points higher | 16.7% of jobs#86 of 178 · 2025 | 3.0% of jobs#147 of 178 · 2025 |
| Jobs in industryBosnia and Herzegovina: 4.6 points higher | 30.6% of jobs#17 of 178 · 2025 | 26.0% of jobs#35 of 178 · 2025 |
| Jobs in servicesEstonia: 18.3 points higher | 52.7% of jobs#106 of 178 · 2025 | 71.0% of jobs#50 of 178 · 2025 |
| Foreign investmentBosnia and Herzegovina: 4.8 points higher | 2.6% of GDP#73 of 184 · 2025 | -2.2% of GDP#176 of 184 · 2025 |
| ExportsEstonia: 37.4 points higher | 41.0% of GDP#68 of 168 · 2025 | 78.4% of GDP#15 of 168 · 2025 |
| Military spendingEstonia: 4.62× the military spending | 0.7% of GDP#134 of 155 · 2025 | 3.4% of GDP#20 of 155 · 2025 |
| Internet usersEstonia: 1.07× the share online | 86%#74 of 184 · 2024 | 92%#42 of 184 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptionsEstonia: 1.25× the mobile subscriptions | 121 per 100#78 of 191 · 2024 | 151 per 100#27 of 191 · 2024 |
| Energy & environment | ||
| Forest areaEstonia: 1.36× the forest share | 42% of land#60 of 192 · 2024 | 57% of land#35 of 192 · 2024 |
| CO₂ per personEstonia: 1.2× the CO₂ per person | 6.45 t a year#35 of 185 · 2024 | 7.76 t a year#26 of 185 · 2024 |
| Renewable energyEstonia: 1.4 points higher | 36.6%#65 of 190 · 2021 | 38.0%#64 of 190 · 2021 |
| Access to electricityThe same | 100.0%#1 of 192 · 2024 | 100.0%#1 of 192 · 2024 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5)Bosnia and Herzegovina: 4.42× the air pollution | 26.1 µg/m³#60 of 191 · 2023 | 5.9 µg/m³#179 of 191 · 2023 |
| Protected landEstonia: 12.1 points higher | 9.5% of land#144 of 191 · 2025 | 21.6% of land#73 of 191 · 2025 |
| Arable landEstonia: 8.5 points higher | 8.0% of land#111 of 190 · 2024 | 16.5% of land#65 of 190 · 2024 |
| Water stressEstonia: 6.19× the water stress | 2.1%#147 of 176 · 2022 | 13.0%#79 of 176 · 2022 |
| PrecipitationBosnia and Herzegovina: 1.64× the rain and snow | 1,028 mm#92 of 180 · 2022 | 626 mm#126 of 180 · 2022 |
| Governance & safety | ||
| Political stabilityEstonia: 1.23 higher | −0.34#128 of 193 · 2025 | +0.89#43 of 193 · 2025 |
| Control of corruptionEstonia: 2.12 higher | −0.48#117 of 193 · 2025 | +1.64#14 of 193 · 2025 |
| Homicide rateEstonia: 1.25× the homicide rate | 1.2 per 100,000#97 of 146 · 2023 | 1.5 per 100,000#86 of 146 · 2023 |
| State | ||
| Status | Independent state | Independent state |
| Government | Parliamentary republic | Parliamentary republic |
| Member of | — | EU, NATO, Euro area, Schengen Area, OECD |
| Capital | Sarajevo | Tallinn |
| Currency | Convertible mark (BAM) | Euro (EUR) |
| Official languages | Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian | Estonian |
| Traffic drives | On the right | On the right |
| Time zone | UTC+1, summer time UTC+2 | UTC+2, summer time UTC+3 |
| Calling code | +387 | +372 |
| Region | Southern Europe, Europe | Northern Europe, Europe |
Area: Wikidata. Population, income, health, economy, environment and governance: World Bank. Human Development Index: UNDP. Government: CIA World Factbook. Ranks among the 194 independent states. All sources
Why the map you grew up with disagrees
On a Mercator map, area grows with distance from the equator. Bosnia and Herzegovina sits at about 44° N and is stretched to 1.94× its true area; Estonia at 59° N is stretched to 3.7×. That difference is why Estonia looks so much bigger than it is next to Bosnia and Herzegovina. The figure above uses the Equal Earth projection, where every square kilometre is drawn the same size.
Questions about this pair
- Is Bosnia and Herzegovina bigger than Estonia?
- Yes. Bosnia and Herzegovina is 13% larger than Estonia. Bosnia and Herzegovina covers 51,209 km² and Estonia covers 45,335 km².
- How many times does Estonia fit into Bosnia and Herzegovina?
- About 1.1 times: Bosnia and Herzegovina has 1.13× the area of Estonia.
- Why do Bosnia and Herzegovina and Estonia look different on Google Maps?
- Web maps use the Mercator projection, which stretches area with distance from the equator. Bosnia and Herzegovina is drawn about 1.94× its true area there and Estonia about 3.7×. That is why Estonia looks so much bigger than it really is next to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kartavera uses Equal Earth, where every square kilometre is drawn the same size.
- Which has more people, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Estonia?
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: 3,140,095 people against 1,366,475. Density: Bosnia and Herzegovina 61 per km², Estonia 30 per km².
- Which is richer, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Estonia?
- By gross national income per person, Estonia: $32,310 against $9,940 (World Bank, Atlas method, 2025) — 3.25× as much.
- Where do people live longer, Bosnia and Herzegovina or Estonia?
- In Estonia: life expectancy at birth is 79.3 years, against 78.0 — 1.3 years longer (World Bank, 2024).
- What kind of government do Bosnia and Herzegovina and Estonia have?
- The same form of government, by constitution: parliamentary republic (CIA World Factbook).