Estonia at its true size
Estonia covers 45,335 km², number 129 of 194 countries by area. Home to 1,366,475 people (2025). A Mercator map draws it about 3.7× too large.
Equal-area projection · Natural Earth 50m
| Area | 45,335 km² Wikidata |
|---|---|
| Population | 1,366,475 World Bank, 2025 |
| Density | 30 per km² |
| Capital | Tallinn |
| Local time in Tallinn | |
| Time zone | UTC+2, summer time UTC+3 IANA |
| Currency | Euro (EUR) Wikidata |
| Languages | Estonian |
| Traffic | On the right |
| Region | Northern Europe, Europe |
| Status | Independent state |
| Member of | EUNATOEuro areaSchengen AreaOECD |
| Coast | Has a coastline |
| Calling code | +372 |
| Codes | EE · EST · 233 |
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Where Estonia ranks
Among the independent states, in 44 rankings. Each links to its table.
People
- Population#154 of 1941.4 million people#35 of 44 in Europe
- Population density#151 of 19430 people per km²#38 of 44 in Europe
- Urban population#70 of 19271% urban#23 of 43 in Europe
- Fertility rate#179 of 1921.18 births per woman#35 of 43 in Europe
- Population growth#178 of 192−0.43% a year#35 of 43 in Europe
- Birth rate#179 of 1927.1 births per 1,000 people#33 of 43 in Europe
- Death rate#21 of 19211.5 deaths per 1,000 people#16 of 43 in Europe
- Children under 15#159 of 19215.3% under 15#18 of 43 in Europe
- People over 65#16 of 19221.8% aged 65 and over#15 of 43 in Europe
- Net migration#181 of 192−9.8 per 1,000 people#39 of 43 in Europe
- Refugees abroad#129 of 1900.06 refugees abroad per 1,000 people#18 of 41 in Europe
Health & education
- Life expectancy#44 of 19279.3 years#27 of 43 in Europe
- Infant mortality#190 of 1911.5 infant deaths per 1,000 live births#41 of 42 in Europe
- Doctors#46 of 1783.47 doctors per 1,000 people#31 of 41 in Europe
- University enrolment#52 of 14565.7% gross enrolment#33 of 43 in Europe
- Human Development Index#35 of 190an index of 0.905#25 of 42 in Europe
Economy
- GNI per capita#37 of 185$32,310 a person#22 of 41 in Europe
- Internet users#42 of 18492% online#24 of 43 in Europe
- GDP per capita (PPP)#41 of 184$52,106 a person#25 of 41 in Europe
- GDP growth#164 of 187+0.6% a year#35 of 42 in Europe
- Inflation#43 of 176+4.8% a year#6 of 40 in Europe
- Unemployment#48 of 1788.3% of the labour force#10 of 39 in Europe
- Extreme poverty#116 of 1490.3% under $3.00 a day#20 of 39 in Europe
- Income inequality (Gini)#112 of 149a Gini index of 30.7#19 of 39 in Europe
- Jobs in agriculture#147 of 1783.0% of jobs#24 of 39 in Europe
- Jobs in industry#35 of 17826.0% of jobs#14 of 39 in Europe
- Jobs in services#50 of 17871.0% of jobs#21 of 39 in Europe
- Foreign investment#176 of 184-2.2% of GDP#37 of 41 in Europe
- Exports#15 of 16878.4% of GDP#8 of 40 in Europe
- Military spending#20 of 1553.4% of GDP#5 of 39 in Europe
- Mobile subscriptions#27 of 191151 subscriptions per 100 people#4 of 43 in Europe
Energy & environment
- CO₂ per person#26 of 1857.76 tonnes a person#4 of 37 in Europe
- Forest area#35 of 19257% forest#5 of 43 in Europe
- Renewable energy#64 of 19038.0% renewable#10 of 41 in Europe
- Access to electricity#1 of 192100.0% with electricity#1 of 43 in Europe
- Air pollution (PM2.5)#179 of 1915.9 µg/m³#38 of 42 in Europe
- Protected land#73 of 19121.6% of the land protected#24 of 42 in Europe
- Arable land#65 of 19016.5% of the land arable#25 of 42 in Europe
- Water stress#79 of 17613.0% of its available fresh water#15 of 38 in Europe
- Precipitation#126 of 180626 mm a year#26 of 37 in Europe
Governance & safety
Countries of a similar size
Every country within 25% of Estonia’s area, lit up on the map →
- Denmark1.06×Estonia is 6% larger than Denmark.
- Dominican Republic0.93×Estonia is 7% smaller than Dominican Republic.
- Netherlands1.07×Estonia is 7% larger than Netherlands.
- Slovakia0.92×Estonia is 8% smaller than Slovakia.
- Switzerland1.1×Estonia is 10% larger than Switzerland.
- Costa Rica0.89×Estonia is 11% smaller than Costa Rica.
How many times does Estonia fit into…
- Russia: about 377 times
- Canada: about 220 times
- United States: about 217 times
The land itself
Rivers, summits and lakes Estonia shares with the rest of the world. Turn on “Rivers & lakes” and “Physical names” in the atlas to see them on the map.
Summits
- Suur Munamägi317 m
Lakes
- Lake Peipus3,543 km²
- Võrtsjärv269 km²
Rivers are listed by the published length of their whole course, not the part inside Estonia. Figures from Wikidata, features from Natural Earth.
Neighbours
Questions about Estonia
- How big is Estonia?
- Estonia covers 45,335 km², which makes it number 129 of 194 countries by area. About 1,366,475 people live there (2025), 30 per km².
- Is Estonia bigger than Denmark?
- Estonia is 6% larger than Denmark. Estonia: 45,335 km²; Denmark: 42,925 km².
- How much does the Mercator map distort Estonia?
- At about 59° latitude, Mercator stretches Estonia to roughly 3.7× its true area relative to a country on the equator. Kartavera draws it in the Equal Earth projection, where areas are exact.
- Which countries border Estonia?
- Estonia shares a land border with Russia, Latvia.