Estonia vs Netherlands
Estonia is 7% larger than Netherlands.
EstoniaNetherlandsEstonia moved onto Netherlands · Equal-area projection
Remote islands and overseas parts not drawn; the figures include them
1.07×
Estonia is 1.07× the area of Netherlands.
 Estonia |  Netherlands | |
|---|---|---|
| Size | ||
| AreaEstonia: 1.07× the area | 45,335 km²#129 of 194 | 42,201 km²#131 of 194 |
| Coastline | Has a coast | Has a coast |
| Land neighbours | 2 | 2 |
| People | ||
| PopulationNetherlands: 13.2× the population | 1,366,475#154 of 194 · 2025 | 18,087,633#72 of 194 · 2025 |
| DensityNetherlands: 14.2× the density | 30 / km²#151 of 194 | 429 / km²#21 of 194 |
| Urban populationNetherlands: 1.36× the urban share | 71%#70 of 192 · 2025 | 96%#8 of 192 · 2025 |
| Fertility rateNetherlands: 1.21× the births per woman | 1.18 per woman#179 of 192 · 2024 | 1.43 per woman#151 of 192 · 2024 |
| Population growthNetherlands: 0.95 points higher | −0.43%#178 of 192 · 2025 | +0.52%#125 of 192 · 2025 |
| Birth rateNetherlands: 1.3× the birth rate | 7.1 per 1,000#179 of 192 · 2024 | 9.2 per 1,000#154 of 192 · 2024 |
| Death rateEstonia: 1.2× the death rate | 11.5 per 1,000#21 of 192 · 2024 | 9.6 per 1,000#43 of 192 · 2024 |
| Children under 15Estonia: 0.4 points higher | 15.3%#159 of 192 · 2025 | 14.9%#165 of 192 · 2025 |
| People over 65Estonia: 0.9 points higher | 21.8%#16 of 192 · 2025 | 20.9%#24 of 192 · 2025 |
| Net migrationNetherlands: 15.6 per 1,000 higher | −9.8 per 1,000#181 of 192 · 2025 | +5.8 per 1,000#15 of 192 · 2025 |
| Refugees abroadEstonia: 6.0× the refugees for its size | 0.06 per 1,000#129 of 190 · 2025 | 0.01 per 1,000#155 of 190 · 2025 |
| Health & education | ||
| Life expectancyNetherlands: 2.7 years longer | 79.3 years#44 of 192 · 2024 | 82.0 years#29 of 192 · 2024 |
| Infant mortalityNetherlands: 2.27× the infant mortality | 1.5 per 1,000 births#190 of 191 · 2024 | 3.4 per 1,000 births#159 of 191 · 2024 |
| DoctorsNetherlands: 1.12× the doctors per person | 3.47 per 1,000#46 of 178 · 2022 | 3.88 per 1,000#34 of 178 · 2022 |
| University enrolmentNetherlands: 1.32× the university enrolment | 65.7%#52 of 145 · 2024 | 86.6%#15 of 145 · 2023 |
| Human Development IndexNetherlands: 0.050 higher | 0.905#35 of 190 · 2023 | 0.955#8 of 190 · 2023 |
| Economy | ||
| GNI per capitaNetherlands: 2.12× the income per person | $32,310#37 of 185 · 2025 | $68,530#10 of 185 · 2025 |
| GDPNetherlands: 28.3× the economy | $47.03B2025 | $1.33T2025 |
| Income group | High income | High income |
| GDP per capita (PPP)Netherlands: 1.68× the output per person | $52,106#41 of 184 · 2025 | $87,320#10 of 184 · 2025 |
| GDP growthNetherlands: 1.2 points higher | +0.6%#164 of 187 · 2025 | +1.8%#137 of 187 · 2025 |
| InflationEstonia: 1.6 points higher | +4.8%#43 of 176 · 2025 | +3.2%#86 of 176 · 2025 |
| UnemploymentEstonia: 2.13× the unemployment | 8.3%#48 of 178 · 2025 | 3.9%#114 of 178 · 2025 |
| Extreme povertyEstonia: 3.0× the share in extreme poverty | 0.3%#116 of 149 · 2023 | 0.1%#126 of 149 · 2021 |
| Income inequality (Gini)Estonia: 5.0 higher | 30.7#112 of 149 · 2023 | 25.7#142 of 149 · 2021 |
| Jobs in agricultureEstonia: 1.3 points higher | 3.0% of jobs#147 of 178 · 2025 | 1.7% of jobs#161 of 178 · 2025 |
| Jobs in industryEstonia: 12.2 points higher | 26.0% of jobs#35 of 178 · 2025 | 13.8% of jobs#145 of 178 · 2025 |
| Jobs in servicesNetherlands: 13.5 points higher | 71.0% of jobs#50 of 178 · 2025 | 84.5% of jobs#4 of 178 · 2025 |
| Foreign investmentNetherlands: 2.5 points higher | -2.2% of GDP#176 of 184 · 2025 | 0.3% of GDP#154 of 184 · 2025 |
| ExportsNetherlands: 2.3 points higher | 78.4% of GDP#15 of 168 · 2025 | 80.7% of GDP#12 of 168 · 2025 |
| Military spendingEstonia: 1.54× the military spending | 3.4% of GDP#20 of 155 · 2025 | 2.2% of GDP#52 of 155 · 2025 |
| Internet usersNetherlands: 1.05× the share online | 92%#42 of 184 · 2024 | 97%#17 of 184 · 2024 |
| Mobile subscriptionsEstonia: 1.17× the mobile subscriptions | 151 per 100#27 of 191 · 2024 | 129 per 100#54 of 191 · 2024 |
| Energy & environment | ||
| Forest areaEstonia: 5.2× the forest share | 57% of land#35 of 192 · 2024 | 11% of land#153 of 192 · 2024 |
| CO₂ per personEstonia: 1.18× the CO₂ per person | 7.76 t a year#26 of 185 · 2024 | 6.60 t a year#34 of 185 · 2024 |
| Renewable energyEstonia: 25.8 points higher | 38.0%#64 of 190 · 2021 | 12.2%#130 of 190 · 2021 |
| Access to electricityThe same | 100.0%#1 of 192 · 2024 | 100.0%#1 of 192 · 2024 |
| Air pollution (PM2.5)Netherlands: 1.46× the air pollution | 5.9 µg/m³#179 of 191 · 2023 | 8.6 µg/m³#164 of 191 · 2023 |
| Protected landNetherlands: 1.3 points higher | 21.6% of land#73 of 191 · 2025 | 22.9% of land#60 of 191 · 2025 |
| Arable landNetherlands: 13.3 points higher | 16.5% of land#65 of 190 · 2024 | 29.8% of land#29 of 190 · 2024 |
| Water stressNetherlands: 1.28× the water stress | 13.0%#79 of 176 · 2022 | 16.7%#72 of 176 · 2022 |
| PrecipitationNetherlands: 1.24× the rain and snow | 626 mm#126 of 180 · 2022 | 778 mm#108 of 180 · 2022 |
| Governance & safety | ||
| Political stabilityEstonia: 0.36 higher | +0.89#43 of 193 · 2025 | +0.53#68 of 193 · 2025 |
| Control of corruptionNetherlands: 0.23 higher | +1.64#14 of 193 · 2025 | +1.87#9 of 193 · 2025 |
| Homicide rateEstonia: 2.14× the homicide rate | 1.5 per 100,000#86 of 146 · 2023 | 0.7 per 100,000#123 of 146 · 2023 |
| State | ||
| Status | Independent state | Independent state |
| Government | Parliamentary republic | Constitutional monarchyparliamentary constitutional monarchy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands |
| Member of | EU, NATO, Euro area, Schengen Area, OECD | EU, NATO, Euro area, Schengen Area, OECD |
| Capital | Tallinn | Amsterdam |
| Currency | Euro (EUR) | Euro (EUR) |
| Official languages | Estonian | Dutch |
| Traffic drives | On the right | On the right |
| Time zone | UTC+2, summer time UTC+3 | UTC+1, summer time UTC+2 |
| Calling code | +372 | +31 |
| Region | Northern Europe, Europe | Western Europe, Europe |
Area: Wikidata. Population, income, health, economy, environment and governance: World Bank. Human Development Index: UNDP. Government: CIA World Factbook. Ranks among the 194 independent states. All sources
Why the map you grew up with disagrees
On a Mercator map, area grows with distance from the equator. Estonia sits at about 59° N and is stretched to 3.7× its true area; Netherlands at 52° N is stretched to 2.67×. That difference is why Estonia looks so much bigger than it is next to Netherlands. The figure above uses the Equal Earth projection, where every square kilometre is drawn the same size.
Questions about this pair
- Is Estonia bigger than Netherlands?
- Yes. Estonia is 7% larger than Netherlands. Estonia covers 45,335 km² and Netherlands covers 42,201 km².
- How many times does Netherlands fit into Estonia?
- About 1.1 times: Estonia has 1.07× the area of Netherlands.
- Why do Estonia and Netherlands look different on Google Maps?
- Web maps use the Mercator projection, which stretches area with distance from the equator. Estonia is drawn about 3.7× its true area there and Netherlands about 2.67×. That is why Estonia looks so much bigger than it really is next to Netherlands. Kartavera uses Equal Earth, where every square kilometre is drawn the same size.
- Which has more people, Estonia or Netherlands?
- Netherlands: 18,087,633 people against 1,366,475. Density: Estonia 30 per km², Netherlands 429 per km².
- Which is richer, Estonia or Netherlands?
- By gross national income per person, Netherlands: $68,530 against $32,310 (World Bank, Atlas method, 2025) — 2.12× as much.
- Where do people live longer, Estonia or Netherlands?
- In Netherlands: life expectancy at birth is 82.0 years, against 79.3 — 2.7 years longer (World Bank, 2024).
- What kind of government do Estonia and Netherlands have?
- By constitution, as the CIA World Factbook describes them — Estonia: parliamentary republic; Netherlands: constitutional monarchy.